Urinalysis Lab Analysis

Introduction

Urinalysis can be termed as a key tool for evaluating kidney and disease pertaining to the urinary tract. It can lead to ample information when done with the correct clinical pretext. Mostly, it is done with the help of dipstick however there is various limitations to the same. Urine sediment evaluation also plays a vital role in the treatment of the renal disease. Urine microscopy and sediment evaluation should be done through the clinical personnel so that the major details are not left out. Evaluation of urine is even termed as uroscopy and is one of the old practices in medicine that dates back to the era of Babylonian. Urinalysis is beneficial as it is non invasive, economical and available on a readable basis. Apart from the treatment of the renal disease, an abnormal urinalysis finding on a regular assessment might be the first evidence of the renal disease that is underlying. It can even help in evaluation of the course relating to the renal disease (Medical news today 2022). A urinalysis is simply a test of the routine. It is being used for the detection and management of the different kind of disorder like the infection in the urinary tract, kidney disease and diabetes. A urinalysis comprises of checking the appearance, concentration, as well as the urine content.

Urinalysis is a vital aspect when it comes to the evaluation of the renal disease. It is available on an immediate basis and informative when done in the correct clinical context. A total urinalysis comprises of gross analysis, chemical analysis done with the help of dipstick and microscopic analysis. Few instructions needs to be given when collecting the sample for the routine analysis. The specimen needs to be collected in a clean container that is dry wide mouthed. The genitalia need to be cleaned with water and provide a stream of urine for proper analysis. Specimen of midstream is preferred as it leads to contamination with the organism’s periurethral and periprepucial (Medical news today 2022). In males, the prepuce is retracted and cleans the water glans. Furthermore, when it comes to females, labia must be segregated and washed with water. It needs to be understood that routine assessment must be done within two hours of collecting sample.

Why Urinalysis is done

It is performed:

• before the surgery
• as a preventive screening during the check up of pregnancy
• as an element of routine check up or physical exam

This test can even be performed if the following condition is satisfied:

• Diabetes
• disease of kidney
• infection of urinary tract
• disease of liver

If the diagnosis of the above condition has been done, the doctor might perform urinalysis to evaluate the treatment or the condition. The doctor might do urinalysis if the following condition are experienced:

• back pain
• Pain of abdomen
• painful urination

Urinalysis method

For examination of the routine the doctor can use one of the following methods:

• abnormalities in the white or red blood cells that can be a sign of infection, disease of kidney, cancer in bladder or disorder in blood
• crystals that might reflect kidney stones
• yeast or infected bacteria
• epithelial cells that can indicate tumor

Dipstick test

For the dipstick test, the doctor inserts a plastic stick that is chemically treated into the sample. The stick changes color that depends on the availability of definite substances. This can help the doctor for:

• Blood
• protein
• bilurubin
• alteration in the pH level
• sugar

High particles concentration of particles in the urine can project that one is dehydrated. High level of pH can reflect issues in the urinary tract or kidney. Moreover, the presence of sugar reflects diabetes.

Difference between Urinalysis and Urine culture

A urine culture comprises of growing bacteria from a sample in the urine lab to treat the infection from the urinary tract and other related infection. Urine culture is not a part of regular urinalysis test. Similar to urinalysis, a sample from the urine culture should be obtained by the method of clean catch by inserting a catheter through the urethra into the bladder (Whitlock 2020). If the urinalysis showcases a UTI, the healthcare provider might order a urine culture for running the laboratory to run off the sample of urine that is given for the original urinalysis. The urine culture can ascertain the bacterium type that leads to UTI. Urinalysis can contain different test, measurement and evaluation of the urine aspect.

Preparing for urinalysis

Before the urinalysis test, it is important to understand that sufficient liquid is undertaken like water so that urine sample is provided with ease. Depending upon the urinalysis reason, the healthcare provider might require the urine sample. There are various medication that changes the urine color. The healthcare provider might ask to stop undertaking various medication that impact the test of urinalysis

What can be expected during urinalysis?

In maximum cases, the urinalysis will be performed at the office of the healthcare provider or at a laboratory utilizing the method of clean catch method that is intended to help preventing the contamination of the urine sample with cells from the genitals (Cassoobhoy 2020). For the clean catch method, the provider provides a specimen cup, sterile wipes and instruction for the collection of urine. It is important to wash the hand with soap and water before collection of the sample.

Result of urinalysis meaning

Urinalysis might have different interpretation due to the test variety. Abnormal test might reflect however not necessarily guarantee that there stands a medical issue. When it comes to abnormal urinalysis result, further testing might be needed like the blood test or imaging test so that the healthcare provider will treat the condition. Technically, when the concentration is higher or the level of the typical substance likes the high levels of RBCs, the more likely that there is a medical scenario that requires treatment. Again, providers do not use the test of urinalysis alone to treat the condition (Whitlock 2020). Rather, urinalysis result can provide insights that are helpful and enable the providers in the correct direction for the treatment. The reason and technique of urinalysis is straightforward. There are different scenario that might change the information that is obtained.

Urinalysis can lead to disclosure of various diseases even though some might not have lead to sign or symptom. Hence, urinalysis is majorly an element of routine health screening. It is commonly need to treat a urinary tract or infection of kidney so that the reason for the kidney failure can be evaluated. It might even be used in combination of other test to treat the disease. Additional test and clinical evaluation are needed to investigate the findings of Urinalysis and mainly diagnose the reason or the traits of the problem that is underlying. For instance, urine infection is mainly diagnosed mainly on the result of Urinalysis. But, the culture of urine is majorly ordered as a follow up test for the confirmation of the diagnosis and for the identification of the bacteria that might cause infection (Cassoobhoy 2020). Evaluation of the Urinalysis is mainly based on the review of the elements of the test and correlating it with the clinical signal and patient symptoms followed by the physical evaluation. The result are evaluated and forecasted by the doctor who ordered it. Urinalysis is majorly done by the collection of the urine sample from the patient. The sample that is optimal tends to be the early morning urine sample as it frequently the most concentrated urine produced in the day. However, there is no fasting needed before the collection of the urine sample and medication on a routine basis that can be undertaken before the test.

On the other hand, microscopic urinalysis is done through pouring the urine sample into the test tube and centrifuging it for certain minutes. The initial liquid part is rejected. The solid part remains in the test tube bottom is mixed with the drop of urine that is remaining in the test tube and single drop is evaluated under the microscope. Various doctor order urinalysis in their practice and due to the easy availability and quick time, UA is performed in different settings through different doctors. Furthermore, the internists is ordered by UA, practitioners of family, gynecologists and urologists.

References

Cassoobhoy, A. (2020). Urinalysis (Urine Test). Retrieved from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-urinalysis

Medical news today. (2022). Everything you need to know about urinalysis. Retrieved from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325904

Whitlock, J. (2020). What Is a Urinalysis?. Retrieved from https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-do-your-urinalysis-results-mean-3156950