Medical Nursing Assignment
Jan 31,22Medical Nursing Assignment
Question:
a ) The first thing which clicks when one hears of Lung Carcinoma is Smoking. To the scientific grounds too, smoking is considered to be the prime cause of Lung Cancer. The data says lung cancer due to smoking is the prime cause of death amongst 80 % of women and 90% of men in the world. A few facts are listed below highlighting the well knit relation between Smoking and Lung carcinoma.(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004)
b ) Lung Cancer is the first disease associated with smoking and is the second leading cause of death amongst such cases.
c ) Cigarette is the prime choice amongst the smokers.
d ) Smoking is responsible for causing approximately 80% of deaths amongst the female smokers and 90% of deaths amongst the male smokers.
e ) The cancer causing agents present in the tobacco and cigarettes are responsible for the mutation of genes that are responsible for growth and reproduction.
f ) The consequences turn even dreadful when smoking is accompanied by alcohol consumption. The simultaneous consumption of alcohol and smoking is the prime cause of laryngeal cancer. Approximately 4000 deaths occurred because of laryngeal cancer in 2008 in United States.
g ) Men who smoke one packet of cigarette in a day have risk almost ten times to the men who do not smoke.
h ) For the cancers associated with smoking, the risk of death is directly proportion to the number of cigarettes consumed per day. Also it is directly proportional to the cigarette consumption for the number of years. The interesting fact here is the risk decreases immediately after quitting smoking.
i ) Ten years after quitting the smoking the risk of lung cancer drops to almost one third to the one half of the people who continue to smoke.
j ) Quitting smoking also reduces the risk of other related diseases like Emphysema, Heart Disease, stroke and Chronic bronchitis.
k ) Cigarette Smoking is the leading cause for benzene exposure which is the most harmful component of cigarette.
l ) Cigarette smoking has a potential to develop other cancers too like, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, cervical cancer and acute myeloid leukemia.
Answer:
Introduction
Lung cancer is a slow-growing illness. Changes occur promptly following ingestion of carcinogenic components. The bronchial lining reacts promptly to these components, causing aberrant growth (Commonwealth of Australia, 2022). As the exposure to carcinogenic substances increases, the lining begins to develop abnormally. Cigarette smoking has always been the biggest cause.
Smoking and Cancer Factsheet
The initial association with Lung Cancer is Smoking. Smoking is also regarded as a major reason for Lung Cancer by scientists. Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality for both men and women worldwide. Followings are a few facts about lung cancer and smoking:
- Lung cancer is a common illness caused by smoking and mortality.
- Smokers like cigarettes.
- Smoking causes death in males and females.
- Cancer-causing chemicals in nicotine and cigarettes cause mutations in genes involved in reproduction and growth (Commonwealth of Australia, 2022).
- Smoking with alcohol has significantly worse repercussions. Laryngeal cancer is caused by drinking and smoking at the same time.
- Smokers have a tenfold danger compared to non-smokers.
- The risk of mortality from smoking-related malignancies increases with daily cigarette use (Commonwealth of Australia, 2022). It is also directly related to the number of years smoked. The risk lowers shortly after stopping smoking.
Importance Of Nursing Assignment
Regardless of the treatment plan, the nursing team must first evaluate the patient’s physical, physiological, and emotional requirements (York and Colling, 2009). The goal of a nursing evaluation is to explore and address the nursing requirements of a patient. The followings are the components of nursing assessment that are “Nursing History”, “Physical Examination”, “Physiological Examination” and Social examination. The nursing history of a patient is done for establishing a connection between family members and the patient for generating trust in the therapy process. It facilitates the team to develop an understanding of the history and reaction of the patients.
Priorities in Nursing
- Improve or maintain the respiratory function;
- Reassure family and patient regarding improvement in health
- Educate patients about the disease, therapeutic regime and prognosis;
- Extend support for managing disease (State of Victoria, 2021);
- Monitoring patient’s records and response towards the process of treatment
- Thorough keeping records of patients
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing diagnosis depends on the patient’s symptoms and current signs, not on their diagnosis related to health.
Nursing Interventions
- With post-operative nursing interventions, the goal of care, advice, and management are to improve the surgery’s result.
- Nurses’ main goal is to restore the patient’s regular breathing pattern, which must be seen via the patient’s normal skin tone (Chintamani, 2018).
- The patient’s breathing must be brought back to normal as soon as possible by putting in the High Flower’s posture. This is to prevent the area from being too swollen when he or she coughs.
- The patient should also be placed on her/his back by the nursing team to let the patient’s lungs for expanding their maximum capacity.
- Maintaining a patient’s airways by providing them with humidified oxygen and then suctioning their secretions is a good technique to accomplish this goal.
- When a patient is taking antibiotics or other medications, the nursing staff must be checked the effects along with the side effects for seeing whether a different medication is needed immediately.
Specific Considerations
These considerations are vital in the post-operative treatment of Lobectomy. Postoperative physiotherapy for the chest requires strong assistance for the nursing process. They should manage the exercise of the patient’s breathing to meet the instructions of a physiotherapist. Further, the nursing team needs to provide required information to the patient along with their caregivers.
The nursing personnel must additionally monitor the oxygen treatment equipment. The quantity of oxygen delivered and the patient’s reaction to treatment must be regularly checked and documented (Tulchinsky and Varavikova, 2014). The nursing team off the organization should take extreme care with the drains to maintain them in place.
The mental and emotional health of the patient is often overlooked in favour of the patient’s physical symptoms. Regarding this, the nursing team must also attend to the emotional requirements of the patients.
Goals for Patient’s Discharge
i ) To increase the ventilation in a room to address the needs of a patient;
ii ) Pain of patient should be controlled;
iii ) Health of the patient is stable and there are possibilities of further complications
iv ) Family of the patient has developed their understanding of the disease process, therapeutic lines and prognosis.
v ) Fear and anxiety of patient are under control
Patient Education and Recommendations
The nurse should educate the patient on the advantages of stopping smoking. Therefore, nurses must develop confidence in the patient by describing the procedure related to smoking’s effects on health which will boost their morale. Further, the staff of the healthcare should inform about the quitting process that will help them to build up their health and make improve their lungs as well as their health.
To successfully stop smoking, a strong will strength is required. Thus, the nursing staff must effectively interact with and inspire the patient. His morale should be raised to a point where he can overcome this horrible addiction. Friends and family of a patient play an effective role in recovery. Therefore, nursing staff try should try to engage their patient with their family members that will help in improving their health. The patient should also be taught how to cough effectively and correctly to avoid disturbing the incision. Consequently, they must be instructed the patients in diaphragmatic and physiotherapy breathing (State of Victoria, 2021).
The information must be shared with the patient related to the bad habits of smoking that would be helpful for them to avoid smoking habit at home as well as in public places.
The healthcare staff should develop an effective plan with the help of patients on Quit Smoking Action Activities that will help them to overcome all the issues to solve the health issues.
Patients should encourage for keeping their engagement in positive and healthy activities like book reading, social activities, and family games that will help them to keep away from aggravating factors and stress (State of Victoria, 2021).
Education should be provided to a patient about the financial burden which they can face due to their addiction to smoking. They must be associated with such a learning process to engage with their emotions.
Further, a patient must be given they should to resume their normal activities. They must be talked about the lifestyle of a person that can facilitate reviving life from health issues (Sethi and Maj, 2020).
After this, a patient must be explained about the harm of continuing with the habit of smoking. With the help of this, they can easily understand the consequences of Chemotherapy along with its effects on their health.
During the discharge of a patient, an emergency guide must be given to them that should include information about the process of management related to the emergency complications and situations (Malarvizhi and Gugan, 2019).
For a person, passive smoking is similar harmful for the health of a people just like active smoking. Therefore, it is recommended to the patients who faced lung surgery to live in a non-smoking environment such as a workplace or their homes.
Conclusion
As per the above discussion, it concluded that medical nursing is effective for the nurses to perform the activities related to the patients to ensure their health from the cause of smoking.
References
Chintamani, M. 2018. Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing, Third South Asia Edition – E-Book: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Commonwealth of Australia. 2022. What are the effects of smoking and tobacco? Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/smoking-and-tobacco/about-smoking-and-tobacco/what-are-the-effects-of-smoking-and-tobacco#:~:text=Tobacco%20use%20is%20the%20one,chronic%20lung%20disease%20and%20diabetes.&text=Smoking%20causes%20most%20lung%20cancers,almost%20anywhere%20on%20the%20body.
Malarvizhi, S. and Gugan, R. 2019. Black’s Medical-Surgical Nursing, First South Asia Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Sethi, A. and Maj, R. 2020. Medical Surgical Nursing I & II. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited.
State of Victoria. 2021. Smoking statistics. Retrieved from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/smoking-statistics
Tulchinsky, T. and Varavikova, E. 2014. The New Public Health. Academic Press.
York, T. and Colling, R. 2009. Hospital and Healthcare Security. Butterworth-Heinemann.
