EGH475 Advanced Concrete Structures
Mar 13,23Question:
It is suggested that you write the report as below: (include your Team Number and each member name and student number – each member must sign this title page: template attached with this document)
Write what this report consists of – do not write about the design project details here. For this purpose, it is suggested that it is written after you complete Item before writing Executive Summary (Item 2).
Write what your understanding of the project is – general information – functionality / appearance
This is the major part – you need to be able to describe the vertical and horizontal load resisting systems you have identified and designed. Are you comfortable with all assumptions you made and instructions you received for the assumptions / design methods? If so why? If not, why not? What changes in assumptions/ design process you would have made?
Are you comfortable with the method you used? What method you would have preferred and why?
Are you confident that the approach you used is transferrable to any other project? If so, why and if not, why not? What else you would have liked to learn for design load calculations?
What do you think of the design you made? Is that structurally safe and economical? What other things you would have done to improve safety and/ or economy had you have additional time?
List references with full citation – do not include the lecture notes/ tutorial solutions or other handouts. References may be websites where a design document exists/ a reference book/ design standard/ journal or conference papers.
Answer:
Introduction
This report discussed a construction building project developed with the help of a building-design project method that included many advantages to the project developer and project owner. This report also describes the safety calculation related to the building that is done to improve the weight loading capacity of the building as well as its life for the users.
Understanding of the Project
This project is developed by the developer to ensure the safety of the building owner from the natural calamity such as earthquakes. The project design of this project is created with the help of descriptions and requirements defined by the project owner to increase acceptance of the project after its completion (Merritt, 2012). In this regard, this building project is developed with the help of designing two different types of load systems. One was done for horizontal load, and another was done for vertical load system. According to the project description defined by the client, there are two types of load resisting systems that are used to ensure the safety of the structure (Yao, 2013). For this reason, the followings are two types of load resisting systems that are defined below:
Horizontal or Floor Systems in a Building Structure
The floor system of a structure resists the gravity loads, including dead and living loads. It is then sent to the building’s vertical framing system. The floor system under stress is flexure and transversely sheared. Due to the same load transfer, the vertical frame system is compressed axially, usually with flexure and shear (Ching and Mulville, 2014). Figure 1 shows the floor as a horizontal diaphragm connecting and stiffening the vertical frame parts. Under lateral stresses, the floor diaphragm will be stiff. It is due to a greater in-plane stiffness, which is important under lateral loads.
Fig.1. Horizontal or Floor System – Gravity Load Transmission
(Source: prodyogi, 2021)
Vertical or Framing SystemsThis floor property aids in the efficient transfer of loads to the columns, shear walls, and walls. This happens without changing the wall geometry.
The vertical framing system resists gravity and lateral stresses from the floor system (Ching and Mulville, 2014). Thus, the ground and foundation get this. The vertical framing system is made up of columns and beams.
Figure 2: Vertical Load System
(Source: prodyogi, 2021)
The system is separated into longitudinal and transverse plane frames for ease. In a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structure, the vertical system generally includes columns, Walls, Transfer Girders, and Suspenders.
The above structure for the building was developed after getting information from the client. With the help of such information, I made the assumption for this project. But I am also given an option for the client to make a change in the project design at any time to address the demand of the client or assumed changes in the project. Finally, I can say that the instructions that I have received for the assumption were enough for me to develop a design.
Conformability with Used Method for Building Development
Design-building transforms customer needs into a set of construction instructions. The approach presented is for a typical medium-sized commercial project. Smaller or bigger projects and those procured via other channels tend to face the same issues and procedures, with the only variation being the contractual matrix between the customer, contractors, and designers. I have used a building design method to develop building design. I have used this method as this method helped me to address the concern of the client. Planning, design, and construction are part of the Design-Build (D-B) delivery system. This is the concept of partnering with the proper team from the beginning to ensure that the project is finished successfully and that the client of the project is satisfied (Designing Buildings Ltd, 2022). Design-Build offers several benefits to ensure successful project completion when working together as a team.
Advantages of Design-building Approach: Followings are the characteristics of this method that are:
- Being able to interact instantly enhances project timeline by speeding up the whole process;
- Having no geographical or physical limitations obstructing your timeline: you may do business without limits (Darvish, 2015);
- Manufacturing customized goods: the capacity to rapidly make goods that are not prototype replications but rather bespoke;
As per the above-defined advantages, I preferred this method because it does not only the project’s customization but also allows to finish the project within the timeline.
Below are a few advantages of this building project that are presented below sentences:
- Teamwork Development (Darvish, 2015);
- Responsibility based on human resources
- Transparent or open communication
- Eliminates adversarial conditions
- Not restricted to building types (Darvish, 2015)
- Faster delivery of project
Transferability of Project Method and Learning for Developing Design Load Calculations
As per the experience of making the project design for the client can say that the approach such as Building-design is transferrable to any other project as this method allows the project designer to ensure the completion of the project within the time and cost. This method does not include any specification, which means it can be used to develop any particular project. Therefore, I am confident that this project method can be used with another type of project. For designing the load calculation for the building construction project, I would like to learn live load (a load of occupants), deal load (a load of building itself and other objects), and shear load (lateral load due to wind pressure and earthquake). It is because that the information related to the structure’s load per unit area is specifically determined for each activity for which the construction project is intended. A dead load of the building is calculated with the help of accounting building materials, building style, and a number of storeys. After this, wind data from previous years need to compute wind load. With the help of this, construction work will not fail in bearing load.
Safety of Building Design
After the calculation of the building load, I can say that that the entire project design is based on the information of the client, while it is structurally economical and safe as this project is based on every possible calculation that will increase its durability to the owner. The configuration of the building is based on the horizontal and vertical beams that ensure the safety of the building for users always. Further, the cost of this building is economical because it has included each possible safety feature such as the calculation of load of structure that is easily available in costly projects (Lingard and Wakefield, 2019). But I would also like to improve the safety of this building by considering the seismic load with the help of a seismic zone map that will help the builder to develop the project to secure it from the earthquake. Such a feature will help ensure that the construction project will not fail if an earthquake comes.
Conclusion
As per the above discussion, it concluded that the building project would be developed worth complete safety feature that will not increase its cost but allow the team to offer the economical building to its owner.
References
Ching, F. and Mulville, M. 2014. European Building Construction Illustrated. John Wiley & Sons.
Darvish, K. 2015. Advantages of Design-Build Approach. [Online] Available at: https://cefloyd.com/our-blog?id=97685/advantages-of-design-build-approach (Accessed: 08 January, 2022)
Designing Buildings Ltd. 2022. Building design process. [Online] Available at: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building_design_process (Accessed: 08 January, 2022)
Lingard, H. and Wakefield, R. 2019. Integrating Work Health and Safety into Construction Project Management. John Wiley & Sons.
Merritt, F. 2012. Building Engineering and Systems Design. Springer Science & Business Media.
prodyogi 2021. Types of Building Structural Systems | Load Transmission Details. [Online] Available at: https://www.prodyogi.com/2018/02/types-of-building-structural-systems.html (Accessed: 08 January, 2022)
Yao, R. 2013. Design and Management of Sustainable Built Environments. Springer Science & Business Media.
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